The Ultimate Guide to Cushion Cut Emerald Gemstones

The cushion cut emerald represents one of the most exquisite and timeless combinations in the world of fine jewelry. This particular cut, which beautifully marries the classic rectangular or square-shaped cushion cut with the rich, captivating green of emeralds, creates a piece that is both elegant and full of character. The term ‘cushion cut emerald’ specifically refers to an emerald gemstone that has been faceted into a cushion cut—a shape known for its soft, rounded corners and large, open facets that resemble a pillow, hence the name. This guide will delve deep into the allure, history, characteristics, and considerations for purchasing this magnificent gemstone.

The history of the cushion cut is long and storied, dating back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries during what is known as the ‘Old Mine Cut’ era. This cut was developed before the advent of modern precision cutting tools, resulting in a charm and uniqueness that many gem enthusiasts adore. When this classic cut is applied to the venerable emerald, a gemstone with a history spanning over 4,000 years and cherished by royalty from Cleopatra to the Mughal emperors, the result is truly magical. A cushion cut emerald possesses a vintage appeal that is both romantic and grand, making it a popular centerpiece for engagement rings and heirloom pieces.

What makes the cushion cut so special for emeralds? The answer lies in its unique faceting pattern.

• Brilliance and Fire: Unlike the step-cutting of a classic emerald cut, the cushion cut features a combination of large facets and a higher crown. This design helps to maximize the play of light within the stone, enhancing its brilliance and fire. While emeralds are not typically known for their fiery sparkle like diamonds, the cushion cut helps to bring out a soft, glowing radiance that is uniquely captivating.
• Color Concentration: The deep pavilion and large open table of the cushion cut allow light to enter and reflect back in a way that can intensify the rich green color of the emerald. This can make even a moderately colored stone appear more saturated and vibrant, showcasing the gem’s most prized attribute.
• Soft, Romantic Silhouette: The rounded corners of the cushion cut are not only aesthetically pleasing but also practical. They make the stone more durable and less prone to chipping compared to sharp-cornered cuts, which is a significant advantage for a gemstone like emerald that is naturally included and brittle.

When evaluating the quality of a cushion cut emerald, the universal standards for gemstones—often referred to as the Four Cs: Color, Clarity, Cut, and Carat Weight—apply, but with particular emphasis on color and clarity for this specific gem.

Color is undoubtedly the most important factor for any emerald. The most sought-after color is a pure, vivid green or a bluish-green with a medium to medium-dark tone and strong saturation. The ideal cushion cut emerald will display this lush color evenly throughout the stone, without any noticeable zoning. The cut can significantly influence how the color is perceived; a well-executed cushion cut will enhance the depth and richness of the green, making it appear more luxurious.

Clarity is a crucial consideration. Emeralds are Type III gemstones, meaning they almost always have visible inclusions, often described as an internal ‘jardin’ or garden. While flawless emeralds are exceptionally rare and valuable, the goal is to find a stone where the inclusions do not compromise the structural integrity or drastically detract from the beauty. A cushion cut can sometimes help to mask smaller inclusions due to its complex facet pattern, but large fractures that reach the surface should be carefully assessed.

Cut quality is paramount. For a cushion cut emerald, symmetry and proportions are key. The stone should be well-balanced, with even facets and pleasing proportions between its length, width, and depth. A cut that is too deep can make the stone look smaller and darken its color, while a cut that is too shallow can create a ‘window’ effect where you can see straight through the stone, making it appear lifeless. A master cutter will orient the rough emerald to maximize color and minimize the visibility of the most significant inclusions.

Carat Weight simply refers to the size of the stone. Larger cushion cut emeralds are exponentially rarer and more valuable, but a smaller stone with exceptional color and clarity can be more desirable than a larger, lower-quality one.

One cannot discuss emeralds without addressing the topic of treatments and enhancements. The vast majority of emeralds on the market today are treated with oils or resins to fill surface-reaching fractures and improve clarity. This is a standard, accepted practice within the industry. However, it is essential for buyers to be aware of the extent of the treatment. A report from a reputable gemological laboratory like the GIA or AGL can provide crucial information about the type and level of treatment, ensuring you make an informed purchase.

Cushion cut emeralds are incredibly versatile in jewelry design. Their vintage feel makes them a perfect fit for halo settings, where a circle of smaller diamonds surrounds the center stone, amplifying its color and presence. They also look stunning in three-stone settings, symbolizing the past, present, and future, or in a simple, elegant solitaire setting that allows the beauty of the gem to speak for itself. Popular metal choices include yellow gold, which complements the warm, rich green of the emerald, and platinum or white gold, which provides a striking, modern contrast.

Caring for a cushion cut emerald requires some special attention due to its inherent fragility.

1. Avoid Harsh Chemicals: Remove your emerald jewelry before using household cleaners, swimming in chlorinated pools, or applying lotions and perfumes.
2. Gentle Cleaning: Clean your emerald with a soft, untreated cloth and warm, soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and steamers, as the vibrations and heat can damage the stone or cause oils to leak out of fractures.
3. Safe Storage: Store your emerald jewelry separately from other pieces to prevent scratches. A soft cloth pouch or a separate compartment in a jewelry box is ideal.
4. Regular Check-ups: Have your jewelry inspected by a professional jeweler once a year to ensure the prongs are secure and the stone is protected.

In conclusion, the cushion cut emerald is a gemstone of unparalleled beauty and romance. It successfully bridges the gap between antique charm and modern elegance, offering a unique brilliance and a depth of color that is simply mesmerizing. Whether set in an engagement ring, a pendant, or a pair of earrings, it is a piece that commands attention and tells a story. When choosing your own cushion cut emerald, prioritize color and cut quality, seek information about any treatments, and always purchase from a reputable and knowledgeable source. With proper care, this magnificent gemstone can be cherished for generations, becoming a treasured heirloom that never goes out of style.